Ha likoloi tsa motlakase (EVs) li ntse li tsoela pele ho fetola boemo ba lipalangoang lefatšeng ka bophara, phihlelo ea ho tjhaja e se nang moeli le e utloahalang e bohlokoa ho khothaletsa batho ba bangata ho sebelisa li-EV. Ho fihlella liteishene tse rarahaneng tsa ho tjhaja, ho tsamaisa marang-rang a mangata a ho tjhaja, le lits'ebetso tse sa tsitsang tsa ho lefa e ka ba tšitiso ho beng ba EV ba ka bang teng kapa ho ferekanya ba seng ba entse phetoho ea ho tsamaea ha EV. Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) ea tla 'me e tla fetola ecosystem ea ho tjhaja EV. OCPP e etselitsoe ho nolofatsa puisano lipakeng tsa liteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa EV le litsamaiso tsa taolo, ho netefatsa maemo, tšebelisano-'moho, le katleho bakeng sa marang-rang a matla le a bonolo a ho tjhaja.
OCPP - Open Charge Point Protocol ke eng?
Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) ke protocol ea kopo ea puisano pakeng tsa liteishene tsa ho tjhaja koloi ea motlakase (EV) (tse tsejoang hape e le libaka tsa ho tjhaja tsa EV) le litsamaiso tsa taolo ea EV (tseo hangata li bitsoang CMS). Ha e le hantle, OCPP e sebetsa e le "puo" le mocha o tloaelehileng o nolofalletsang puisano e se nang moeli pakeng tsa batšehetsi bana ba babeli ba bohlokoa ho EV charger ecosystem.
OCPP e qalile ka 2009 ho tiisa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa tjhaja tsa EV le litsamaiso tsa taolo. Leha ho na le liprothokholo tsa thepa, OCPP e hlahella e le sethala se bulehileng ka botlalo. Ho buleha hona ho fa basebelisi ba liteishene tsa litefiso monyetla oa ho hokela marang-rang leha e le afe seteisheneng sefe kapa sefe sa ho tjhaja, ho khothaletsa boqapi, tlholisano, le phihlello indastering ea ho tjhaja EV.
Melemo ea OCPP
1. Ho fana ka bonolo le ts'ireletso ho beng ba liteishene tse lefisang
OCPP e netefatsa hore beng ba liteishene tse lefisang ba ka fetola basebelisi ba marang-rang kamoo ho hlokahalang, ka hona ba sireletsa matsete a bona le ho thibela ho se sebetse ha thepa. Haeba moetsi oa seteishene sa ho tjhaja a tsoa 'marakeng, beng ba bona ba ka fallela marang-rang a lumellanang le OCPP ntle le ho lahleheloa ke ts'ebetso. Khetho ena e bulehileng e khothalletsa tlhōlisano pakeng tsa bahlahisi le bafani ba marang-rang, e leng ho fokotsa litšenyehelo, ho ntlafatsa litšebeletso, le ho khothalletsa mekhoa e mecha. Ka hoo,Ho tjhaja EV meaho e atolohile ka potlako, e fa bakhanni ba EV likhetho tse ngata tsa ho tjhaja.
2. E lumella puisano e akaretsang pakeng tsa liteishene tse tjhajang le bafani ba litšebeletso tsa marang-rang ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa marang-rang ka mokhoa o atlehileng (joalo ka karabelo ea tlhoko).
Phetoho ea boemo ba khase e sa tsoakoang ka 2050 e tla tlisa keketseho ea tlhokahalo ea motlakase, e tsamaisoang haholo ke ho kenngoeng ha lipalangoang, ho futhumatsa matlo le liindasteri tse ling. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ts'ebetso e atileng ea mehloli ea matla a tsosolositsoeng e kang letsatsi le moea, eo moloko oa eona o fapaneng le boemo ba leholimo le nako ea letsatsi, e boetse e behile khatello e eketsehileng holim'a marang-rang. Liphetoho tsena tse matla li baka mathata ho botsitso le ho ts'epahala ha grid, e leng se susumetsang lits'ebeletso ho batla litharollo tse ncha tse kang mananeo a karabelo ea tlhoko.
Karabelo ea tlhokeho ke eng?
Karabelo ea tlhokahalo e kenyelletsa ho leka-lekanya tlhokahalo ea marang-rang ka ho khothaletsa basebelisi ho fetisetsa tšebeliso ea bona ea motlakase lihoreng tse sa sebetseng haholo ha matla a le mangata kapa tlhoko e le tlase.
Sena hangata se finyelloa ka likhothaletso tsa litheko kapa meputso e meng ea lichelete. Karabelo ea tlhokahalo, e kopantsoeng le li-grid tse bohlale le litsamaiso tsa polokelo ea matla, e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka ho feto-fetoha ha marang-rang, ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea matla a feto-fetohang a tsosolositsoeng, le ho netefatsa botsitso ba grid nakong ea lihora tse ngata tsa mojaro.
Karolo ea OCPP ho Karabelo ea Tlhokahalo
Hore mananeo a karabelo ea tlhokahalo a atlehe, puisano e se nang moeli pakeng tsa tjhaja le lits'ebeletso e bohlokoa. Li-charger li tlameha ho khona ho fetola kapa ho emisa tšebeliso ea tsona ea motlakase ho latela tlhoko ea grid. OCPP e phahamisa liteishene tsa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa tjhaja le software ea taolo ho tsamaisa puisano ena.
Melemo ea OCPP Batla Response
· Ho sebetsa hantle ha litšenyehelo: Ka ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse teng tsa likhokahano, OCPP e fokotsa litšenyehelo tse ling tse amanang le ho kopanya lichaja mananeong a ho arabela tlhokahalo.
· Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho ntlafetseng: Lichaja tse lumellanang le OCPP li thusa ba sebetsang ho kenya letsoho ka katleho mererong ea tsamaiso ea marang-rang le ho netefatsa hore phepelo ea motlakase le tlhoko ea motlakase li tsitsitse.
· Mehaho ea motheo ea bopaki ba bokamoso: Ha e kopantsoe le OCPP, marang-rang a tjhajang a ka ikamahanya le maemo a fetohang a matla le ho ts'ehetsa boiteko bo pharalletseng ba ntlafatso ea grid.
Ka ho kopanya bokhoni ba karabelo ea tlhokahalo ka OCPP, basebelisi ba ke ke ba kenya letsoho feela botsitsong ba grid, empa hape ba ntlafatsa boleng ba marang-rang a bona a ho tjhaja tikolohong e tsitsitseng ea matla.
3. Eketsa tšebeliso ea EV ka phihlello e kopaneng le boiphihlelo bo nolofalitsoeng ba basebelisi
Boiphihlelo bo sa tsitsang le bo hlakileng ba ho tjhaja bo bohlokoa bakeng sa ho khothaletsa batho ba bangata ho sebelisa likoloi tsa motlakase (EVs). Phihlello e rarahaneng ea tjhaja, ho tsamaea ha marang-rang a mangata a ho tjhaja, le lits'ebetso tse sa tsitsang tsa ho lefa li ka nyahamisa bao e ka bang beng ba li-EV kapa tsa ferekanya ba seng ba entse phetoho ea ho tsamaea ha EV.
Setifikeiti sa OCPP se rarolla liphephetso tsena ka ho theha sehlopha sa liprothokholo tse emeng tse matlafatsang botsitso le tšebelisano 'moho le marang-rang a ho tjhaja. Ka ho netefatsa seolisebelisoa ho fihlela litekanyetso tsena, OCPP e ka fokotsa litšitiso tsa ho kena le ho khothaletsa boiphihlelo bo kopaneng ba basebelisi, ho etsa hore ho tjhaja EV ho be bonolo haholoanyane.
Lintlha tse ling tsa boiphihlelo bo sa fetoheng ba basebelisi bo bolokiloeng ke setifikeiti sa OCPP li kenyelletsa:
1. Bakhanni ba qala ho tjhaja joang
2. Tsela eo bakhanni ba lefang ho lefisa
3. Ho fihlella litjhaja ho tsoa ho marang-rang a fapaneng ka sesebelisoa se le seng kapa profil ea tefo
4. Litefiso tse tloaelehileng ho pholletsa le marang-rang a fapaneng a ho tjhaja
Setšoantšo se Seholo: Tšehetso ea ho Amohela EV
Ka ho fokotsa likhohlano ts'ebetsong ea ho tjhaja, OCPP e theha tikoloho e etsang hore ho khanna ho be bonolo haholoanyane. Sena ha se ntlafatse feela boiphihlelo bakeng sa beng ba EV ba teng, empa hape se tiisetsa bareki ba ka bang teng hore ho ba le EV hoa sebetsa ebile ho bonolo. Mehaho ea motheo ea ho tjhaja e aha tšepo le ho khothaletsa ho amoheloa ha EV ka bophara, e leng bohlokoa ho potlakisa phetoho ea lipalangoang tse tšoarellang.
Qetellong, lijaja tse netefalitsoeng ke OCPP li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng marang-rang a momahaneng le a bohareng ba basebelisi, ho netefatsa hore bakhanni ba ikutloa ba le sebete ebile ba tšehelitsoe ha ba sebelisa theknoloji ea EV.
OCPP e sebetsa joang?
Karolong e fetileng, re ithutile hore Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) e fana ka tharollo e kopanetsoeng bakeng sa mokhoa oa puisano pakeng tsa liteishene tsa ho tjhaja le tsamaiso leha e le efe e bohareng, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ke morekisi ofe.
OCPP ke mokhoa oa puisano lipakeng tsaLiteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa EVle mekhoa ea tsamaiso ea ho tjhaja ha EV. Karolo e latelang e hlalosa kamoo OCPP e thusang lihlopha tsena tse peli tse fapaneng ho EV charger ecosystem ho buisana le tse ling, le hore na e na le mesebetsi efe e meng ntle le puisano.
1. Phapanyetsano ea Melaetsa
OCPP e lumella liteishene tsa ho tjhaja le tsamaiso ea tsamaiso ho fapanyetsana melaetsa e mabapi le boemo ba hajoale ba seteishene sa ho tjhaja.
Ka mohlala, melaetsa e ka kenyelletsa:
· Hore na tjhaja e teng, e a sebediswa, kapa e hloka tlhokomelo
· Ha ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja e qala kapa e emisa
· Tšebeliso ea hona joale kapa mitha ea nako ea ho lula
· Lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea seteishene sa ho tjhaja
2. Remote Monitoring
Basebelisi ba libaka tsa ho tjhaja ba ka sebelisa OCPP ho lekola liteishene tsa bona tsa ho tjhaja ba le hole.
3. Ho fana ka tumello
Basebelisi ba libaka tsa ho tjhaja ba ka sebelisa OCPP ho fana ka tumello ea ho fumana liteishene tsa ho tjhaja.
4. Firmware Update
Sistimi ea taolo e ka romella kopo ea ntlafatso ea firmware setsing sa ho tjhaja, se ka netefatsang le ho etsa ntlafatso.
5. Tefo le Tefiso
Basebelisi ba libaka tsa ho tjhaja ba ka sebelisa OCPP ho kopanya mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho lefa le ea litefiso.
6. Smart Charging
OCPP e ts'ehetsa likarolo tsa ho tjhaja ka bohlale joalo ka ho leka-lekanya mojaro le ts'ebeliso ea profil ea ho tjhaja.
7. Lenaneo la Likarabo tsa Tlhokahalo
OCPP e lumella lishaja ho buisana le marang-rang kapa mananeo a ts'ebeliso, a thusang ho laola tlhoko ea motlakase.
Selelekela ho mefuta e teng ea OCPP 'marakeng
Ka 2010, Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2 e ile ea lokolloa, 'me OCPP 1.5 e ile ea lokolloa ka 2013. Liphetolelo tsena tsa pele ha li sa hlokomeloa ka mafolofolo ke OCA, kahoo re ile ra hlahisa liphetolelo tse latelang, e leng OCPP 1.6 e lokolitsoeng ka 2015 le OCPP 2.0.1 e lokolloa ka 201.1 OCPP2 morao. lumellana. OCPP 2.1 e lebelletsoe ho lokolloa kotareng ea pele ea 2025.
Mefuta e 'meli ea ts'ebetsong ea OCPP
SESEPA: Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) ke protocol e thehiloeng melaetsa e sebelisang XML ho emela lintlha. SEAP ke moralo o lumellang hore melaetsa e romelloe lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa Marang-rang. Molemo oa SEAP ke hore maemo a akaretsa mesebetsi ea ho romela le ho amohela melaetsa. Sena se etsa hore ts'ebetsong e potlakileng e khonehe.
JSON: JavaScript Object Notation ke mokhoa o bobebe oa ho fapanyetsana boitsebiso oo ho leng bonolo hore batho ba o bale le ho o ngola, 'me ho bonolo hore mechini e o utloisise le ho o etsa. Ho bonolo ho bala le ho ngola ho feta XML. E ipapisitse le karolo e nyane ea JavaScript.
OCPP1.6
OCPP 1.6 e hahela ho OCPP 1.5, e kenyelletsang lilemo tsa boiphihlelo bo sebetsang le lits'ebetso tse atlehileng lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho tloha ha e qala ka 2012, OCPP 1.5 e sebelisitsoe haholo ke barekisi le lits'ebeletso ho pota lefatše. Motheong ona,OCPP 1.6 e hlahisa lintlafatso tse 'maloa tse kholo, ho kenyelletsa le bokhoni ba ho tjhaja ka bohlale le tšehetso ea JSON le SEAP holim'a WebSocket.
Phetolelo ena e boetse e kenyelletsa lintlafatso tse 'maloa, joalo ka litokomane tse hlakileng le lintlafatso ho matlafatsa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa barekisi. Likarolo tse kholo tse ncha li kenyelletsa bokhoni bo atolositsoeng ba tlhahlobo (joalo ka likhoutu tsa mabaka), boemo bo eketsehileng ba ho tjhaja, le bokhoni ba TriggerMessage, kaofela ha bona ba etselitsoe ho fihlela litlhoko tsa 'maraka hantle.
OCPP 1.6 e boloka ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea mofuta o fetileng mme e hlahisa lintlafatso le litokiso tse 'maloa bakeng sa litaba tse sa tsejoeng tse etsang hore e se lumellane le OCPP 1.5. Lintlafatso tsena li reretsoe ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tse betere ho basebetsi ba liteishene tsa ho tjhaja (li-CPO) le boiphihlelo bo betere bakeng sa bakhanni ba likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara.
Likarolo tsa OCPP 1.6 li kenyelletsa:
· OCPP 1.5
· SOAP le mefuta ea JSON
· Smart charger e ts'ehetsa ho leka-lekanya mojaro le ts'ebeliso ea liprofaele tsa ho tjhaja
· (Local) tšehetso ea tsamaiso ea lenane
· Litaba tse ling: E eketsa lintlha tse ling ho palo ea libaka tsa tefiso ho fa li-CPO le basebelisi ba ho qetela lintlha tse ling mabapi le boemo ba hajoale ba tefiso.
· Likopo tsa ho romella melaetsa, joalo ka nako ea CP kapa boemo ba CP
· Lintlafatso tse nyane tsa litlhaloso (ha li bapisoa le OCPP 1.5)
OCPP 2.0.1
Ha e bapisoa le OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0.1 e tlisa likarolo tse ntlafalitsoeng le bokhoni bo bocha. Leha ho le joalo, lintlafatso tsena li boetse li etsa hore OCPP 2.0.1 e se lumellane le liphetolelo tsa pejana (mohlala OCPP 1.6 le OCPP 1.5).
Likarolo tse Ncha OCPP 2.0.1 vs. OCPP 1.6
1. The Device Management (eo hape e tsejoang e le Device Model) e sebelisetsoa ho fumana le ho seta litlhophiso le ho beha leihlo liteishene tsa ho tjhaja.
Tsamaiso ea Lisebelisoa (eo hape e tsejoang e le Mohlala oa Sesebelisoa) ke karolo eo e leng khale e letetsoe, haholo-holo e amoheloang ke li-CSO tse laolang marang-rang (a rarahaneng) a liteishene tsa ho tjhaja (ho tsoa ho barekisi ba fapaneng).
E fana ka likarolo tse latelang:
• Tlaleho ea thepa
• Ho ntlafatsa tlaleho ea liphoso le boemo
• Tokiso e ntlafalitsoeng
• Customisable go baya leitlho
Sena sohle se thusa li-CSOs ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho tsamaisa marang-rang a liteishene tsa ho tjhaja.
Baetsi ba liteishene tsa ho tjhajaba lokolohile ho etsa qeto ea hore na ba ka phatlalatsa litaba tse kae mabapi le liteishene tsa bona tsa ho tjhaja
Tsamaiso ea Lisebelisoa: mohlala, ba ka etsa qeto ea hore na ke eng e ka behoang leihlo le e ke keng ea behoa leihlo.
2. Lintlafatso tsa ho sebetsana hantle le litšebelisano tse kholo
• Molaetsa o le mong o akaretsa mesebetsi eohle e amanang le transaction
• Phokotso ea data
OCPP 1.6 e hlahisitse lipalangoang tsa JSON tse thehiloeng ho li-Websockets, tse ka fokotsang haholo sephethephethe sa data ea mobile. OCPP 2.0 e hlahisitse tšehetso ea compression ea WebSocket, e fokotsang palo ea data.
3. Lintlafatso tsa ts'ireletso ea marang-rang
Lintlafatso tse latelang li ekelitsoe ho matlafatsa bokhoni ba OCPP ba ho hanela litlhaselo tsa cyber:
• Profaele tsa tshireletso (maemo a 3) bakeng sa seteishene sa ho tjhaja le/kapa netefatso ya CSMS le tshireletso ya dikgokahano
• Tsamaiso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa litifikeiti tsa bareki
• Sireletsa liapdeite tsa firmware
• Lingoliloeng tsa ketsahalo ea ts'ireletso
4. Ho tjhaja ka bohlale ho atolositsoeng
Ho OCPP 2.0.1, ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja ka bohlale e ekelitsoe (ha e bapisoa le OCPP 1.6) ho ts'ehetsa:
• Ho kenya ka kotloloho ho tjhaja ka bohlale ho tswa ho sistimi ya taolo ya matla (EMS) ho ya seteisheneng sa ho tjhaja
• Ho tjhaja ka bohlale le balaoli ba lehae
• Tšehetso ea ho tjhaja ka bohlale ha CSMS,diteishene tsa ho tjhajale likoloi tsa motlakase.
5. Tšehetsa ISO 15118
Ha ho bapisoa le IEC 61851, maemo a ISO 15118 ke protocol e ncha ea puisano ea EVSE le EV. ISO 15118 e lumella likarolo tse ngata tse ncha le puisano e sireletsehileng lipakeng tsa EVSE le EV. OCPP 2.0.1 e ts'ehetsa maemo a ISO 15118, 'me likarolo tse ncha li kenyelletsa:
• Plaka le ho tjhaja
• Ho tjhaja ka bohlale, ho kenyeletswa le mantswe a tswang koloing ya motlakase
6. Ntlafatsa phihlelo ea bareki
• Dikgetho tse ding tsa tumello
• Hlahisa melaetsa
• Puo e ratoang ke mokhanni oa EV
• Litefiso le litefiso
7. Protocol ea lipalangoang: Lintlafatso tsa OCPP-J
• Ho tsamaisa melaetsa ho bonolo
• Ha ho tšehetso bakeng sa SESEPA
Nako ea poso: May-21-2025