Ha likoloi tsa motlakase (li-EV) li ntse li tsoela pele ho fetola sebaka sa lipalangoang lefatšeng ka bophara, phihlelo ea ho tjhaja e se nang sekoli le e utloahalang e bohlokoa ho khothaletsa batho ba bangata ho sebelisa li-EV. Phihlello e rarahaneng ea liteishene tsa ho tjhaja, ho tsamaea marangrang a mangata a ho tjhaja, le litsamaiso tsa tefo tse sa tsitsang e ka ba tšitiso ho beng ba li-EV ba ka bang teng kapa ea ferekanya ba seng ba fetohile ho ea ho tsamaiso ea li-EV. Protocol ea Open Charge Point (OCPP) ea tla 'me e tla fetola tikoloho ea ho tjhaja li-EV. OCPP e etselitsoe ho nolofatsa puisano lipakeng tsa liteishene tsa ho tjhaja li-EV le litsamaiso tsa tsamaiso, ho netefatsa ho tenyetseha, tšebelisano-'moho, le katleho bakeng sa marang-rang a ho tjhaja a matla le a bonolo ho a sebelisa.
Protokhole ea OCPP - Open Charge Point ke eng?
Protocol ea Open Charge Point (OCPP) ke protocol ea ts'ebeliso bakeng sa puisano lipakeng tsa liteishene tsa ho tjhaja likoloi tsa motlakase (EV) (tse tsejoang hape e le libaka tsa ho tjhaja tsa EV) le litsamaiso tsa taolo ea ho tjhaja tsa EV (tse tsejoang hangata e le CMS). Ha e le hantle, OCPP e sebetsa e le "puo" e tloaelehileng le mocha o nolofalletsang puisano e se nang sekoli pakeng tsa libapali tsena tse peli tsa bohlokoa tikolohong ea ho tjhaja tsa EV.
OCPP e qalile ho thehoa ka 2009 ho etsa hore tšebelisano-'moho lipakeng tsa litjhaja tsa EV le litsamaiso tsa tsamaiso e be maemong a tloaelehileng. Ho sa tsotellehe boteng ba liprothokholi tsa beng ba tsona, OCPP e hlahella e le sethala se bulehileng ka ho feletseng. Ho buleha hona ho fa basebelisi ba liteishene tsa ho tjhaja monyetla oa ho hokela marang-rang afe kapa afe le seteishene sefe kapa sefe sa ho tjhaja, ho khothaletsa boqapi, tlholisano le phihlello indastering ea ho tjhaja tsa EV.
Melemo ea OCPP
1. Ho fana ka tenyetseho le tshireletso ho beng ba liteishene tsa ho tjhaja
OCPP e netefatsa hore beng ba liteishene tsa ho tjhaja ba ka fetola basebetsi ba marangrang ha ho hlokahala, ka hona ba sireletsa matsete a bona le ho thibela ho siuoa ke nako ha thepa. Haeba moetsi oa liteishene tsa ho tjhaja a tsoa 'marakeng, beng ba ka fallela marangrang a mang a lumellanang le OCPP ntle le ho lahleheloa ke ts'ebetso. Khetho ena e bulehileng e khothalletsa tlholisano lipakeng tsa bahlahisi le bafani ba marang-rang, e leng se fokotsang litšenyehelo, se ntlafatsang tšebeletso le ho khothaletsa boqapi. Ka lebaka leo,Ho tjhaja motlakase Meralo ea motheo e atolohile ka potlako, e fa bakhanni ba likoloi tsa motlakase (EV) likhetho tse ling tsa ho tjhaja.
2. E dumella puisano e akaretsang pakeng tsa diteishene tsa ho tjhaja le bafani ba ditshebeletso tsa marangrang ho fana ka ditshebeletso tsa gridi ka tsela e theko e tlase (jwalo ka karabelo ya tlhokeho).
Phetoho ho ya boemong ba ho se be le mosi o tswang kantle ho lefela ka 2050 e tla tlisa keketseho ya tlhokeho ya motlakase, e susumetswang haholo-holo ke ho kenngwa ha motlakase dipalangwang, ho futhumatsa matlo le diindasteri tse ding. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho kenngwa ha mehlodi ya eneji e ntjhafatswang jwalo ka letsatsi le moya, eo tlhahiso ya yona e fapaneng ho ya ka boemo ba lehodimo le nako ya letsatsi, le hona ho behile kgatello e eketsehileng hodima gridi. Diphetoho tsena tse matla di baka diphephetso botsitsong ba gridi le botshepehi, e leng se susumetsang ditshebeletso tsa motlakase ho batla ditharollo tse ntjha jwalo ka mananeo a karabelo ya tlhokeho.
Karabelo ea tlhoko ke eng?
Karabelo ea tlhoko e kenyelletsa ho leka-lekanya tlhoko ea gridi ka ho khothaletsa basebelisi ho fetisetsa tšebeliso ea bona ea motlakase ho lihora tse seng tsa tlhōrō ha matla a le mangata kapa tlhoko e le nyane.
Hangata sena se finyelloa ka likhothaletso tsa theko kapa meputso e meng ea lichelete. Karabelo ea tlhoko, e kopantsoeng le li-grid tse bohlale le litsamaiso tsa polokelo ea matla, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng ho tenyetseha ha grid, ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea matla a fetohang a nchafatsoang, le ho netefatsa botsitso ba grid nakong ea lihora tse ngata tsa mojaro.
Karolo ea OCPP Karabelong ea Tlhoko
Hore mananeo a karabelo ea tlhoko a atlehe, puisano e se nang sekoli pakeng tsa litjhaja le lits'ebeletso tsa motlakase ea hlokahala. Litjhaja li tlameha ho khona ho fetola kapa ho emisa ts'ebeliso ea tsona ea motlakase ka mokhoa o feto-fetohang ho latela tlhoko ea gridi. OCPP e sebelisa mekhoa e thehiloeng ea tšebelisano-'moho lipakeng tsa litjhaja le software ea tsamaiso ho nolofatsa puisano ena.
Melemo ea Karabelo ea Tlhoko ea OCPP
· Katleho ea litšenyehelo: Ka ho sebelisa meralo ea motheo ea puisano e teng, OCPP e fokotsa litšenyehelo tse ling tse amanang le ho kenyelletsa litjhaja mananeong a karabelo ea tlhoko.
· Ho tenyetseha ho ntlafetseng: Litjhaja tse lumellanang le OCPP li nolofalletsa basebetsi ho nka karolo ka katleho mererong ea tsamaiso ea gridi le ho netefatsa hore phepelo ea motlakase le tlhoko lia leka-lekana.
· Meralo ea motheo e ke keng ea sitisa bokamoso: Ha e kopantsoe le OCPP, marang-rang a ho tjhaja a ka ikamahanya le maemo a fetohang a matla le ho tšehetsa boiteko bo pharaletseng ba ho ntlafatsa gridi.
Ka ho kopanya bokgoni ba karabelo ya tlhokeho ka OCPP, basebetsi ba ke ke ba kenya letsoho botsitsong ba gridi feela, empa hape ba ka ntlafatsa boleng ba marangrang a bona a ho tjhaja tikolohong ya eneji e tsitsitseng.
3. Eketsa kamohelo ea EV ka phihlello e kopaneng le boiphihlelo bo nolofalitsoeng ba mosebelisi
Phihlelo e se nang sekoli le e utloahalang ea ho tjhaja e bohlokoa ho khothaletsa batho ba bangata ho sebelisa likoloi tsa motlakase (li-EV). Phihlello e rarahaneng ea ho tjhaja, ho tsamaea ha marang-rang a mangata a ho tjhaja, le litsamaiso tse sa tsitsang tsa ho lefa li ka nyahamisa beng ba li-EV ba ka bang teng kapa tsa ferekanya ba seng ba ntse ba fetohetse ho tsamaiso ea li-EV.
Setifikeiti sa OCPP se sebetsana le liphephetso tsena ka ho theha sete ea liprothokholi tse tloaelehileng tse ntlafatsang botsitso le tšebelisano-'moho ho pholletsa le marang-rang a ho tjhaja.litjhaja Ha e fihlela maemo ana, OCPP e ka fokotsa litšitiso tsa ho kena le ho khothaletsa boiphihlelo bo kopaneng ba mosebelisi, e leng se etsang hore ho tjhaja ha EV ho be bonolo haholoanyane.
Dikarolo tse ding tsa boiphihlelo bo tsitsitseng ba mosebedisi bo hlokometsweng ke setifikeiti sa OCPP di kenyeletsa:
1. Mokhoa oo bakhanni ba qalang ho tjhaja ka oona
2. Mokhoa oo bakhanni ba lefang ka oona bakeng sa ho lefisa
3. Phihlello ea litjhaja tse tsoang marang-rang a fapaneng ka sesebelisoa se le seng kapa profil ea tefo
4. Tefiso e tloaelehileng ho pholletsa le marangrang a fapaneng a ho tjhaja
Setšoantšo se Seholo: Ho Tšehetsa ho Amoheloa ha EV
Ka ho fokotsa lintlha tsa khohlano ts'ebetsong ea ho tjhaja, OCPP e theha tikoloho e etsang hore ho khanna ho be bonolo haholoanyane. Sena ha se ntlafatse feela boiphihlelo bakeng sa beng ba EV ba seng ba ntse ba le teng, empa hape se tiisetsa bareki ba ka bang teng hore ho ba le EV hoa sebetsa ebile ho bonolo. Meralo ea motheo e kopaneng ea ho tjhaja e haha tšepo 'me e khothaletsa ho amoheloa ha EV ka bongata, e leng habohlokoa ho potlakisa phetoho ho ea lipalangoangng tse tsitsitseng.
Qetellong, litjhaja tse netefalitsoeng ke OCPP li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng marang-rang a ho tjhaja a kopaneng le a shebaneng le basebelisi, ho netefatsa hore bakhanni ba ikutloa ba kholisehile ebile ba tšehetsoa ha ba ntse ba sebelisa theknoloji ea EV.
OCPP e sebetsa joang?
Karolong e fetileng, re ithutile hore Protocol ea Open Charge Point (OCPP) e fana ka tharollo e kopaneng bakeng sa mokhoa oa puisano lipakeng tsa liteishene tsa ho tjhaja le sistimi efe kapa efe e bohareng, ho sa tsotelehe morekisi.
OCPP ke mokhoa oa puisano pakeng tsaLiteishene tsa ho tjhaja motlakasele litsamaiso tsa taolo ea ho tjhaja EV. Karolo e latelang e hlalosa kamoo OCPP e thusang lihlopha tsena tse peli tse fapaneng tikolohong ea ho tjhaja EV ho buisana, le hore na e na le mesebetsi efe e meng ntle le puisano.
1. Phapanyetsano ea Melaetsa
OCPP e dumella diteishene tsa ho tjhaja le ditsamaiso tsa tsamaiso ho fapanyetsana melaetsa mabapi le boemo ba hajwale ba seteishene sa ho tjhaja.
Mohlala, melaetsa e ka kenyeletsa:
· Hore na tjhaja e fumaneha, ea sebelisoa, kapa e hloka tlhokomelo
· Ha ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja e qala kapa e emisa
· Tekanyo ea nako ea tšebeliso ea hona joale kapa ea ho lula
· Tlhahisoleseding ea tlhahlobo ea seteishene sa ho tjhaja
2. Tlhokomelo e hole
Basebetsi ba libaka tsa ho tjhaja ba ka sebelisa OCPP ho beha leihlo liteishene tsa bona tsa ho tjhaja ba le hole.
3. Tumello
Basebetsi ba libaka tsa ho tjhaja ba ka sebelisa OCPP ho dumella phihlello ya diteishene tsa ho tjhaja.
4. Ntlafatso ea Firmware
Sistimi ea tsamaiso e ka romela kopo ea ntlafatso ea firmware seteisheneng sa ho tjhaja, e ka netefatsang le ho etsa ntlafatso.
5. Tefo le ho Lefisa
Basebetsi ba libaka tsa ho tjhaja ba ka sebedisa OCPP ho kopanya ditsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa ho lefa le tsa ho ntsha tjhelete.
6. Ho tjhaja ka bohlale
OCPP e tšehetsa likarolo tse bohlale tsa ho tjhaja tse kang ho leka-lekanya mojaro le tšebeliso ea profil ea ho tjhaja.
7. Lenaneo la Karabelo ea Tlhoko
OCPP e dumella ditjhaja ho buisana le mananeo a gridi kapa a tshebediso, e leng se thusang ho laola tlhokeho ya motlakase.
Selelekela sa mefuta e teng ea OCPP 'marakeng
Ka 2010, Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2 e ile ea lokolloa, 'me OCPP 1.5 ea lokolloa ka 2013. Liphetolelo tsena tsa pele ha li sa hlokomeloa ka mafolofolo ke OCA, kahoo re ile ra hlahisa liphetolelo tse latelang, e leng OCPP 1.6 e lokollotsoeng ka 2015 le OCPP 2.0.1 e lokollotsoeng ka 2020. OCPP 2.1 le OCPP 2.0.1 lia lumellana morao. OCPP 2.1 e lebelletsoe ho lokolloa kotareng ea pele ea 2025.
Mefuta e 'meli ea ts'ebetso ea OCPP
SOAP: Protocol ea Phihlello ea Lintho e Bonolo (SOAP) ke protocol e thehiloeng melaetsa e sebelisang XML ho emela data. SOAP ke moralo o lumellang melaetsa ho romelloa lipakeng tsa likarolo tse ho Internet. Molemo oa SOAP ke hore maemo a akaretsa mesebetsi ea ho romela le ho amohela melaetsa. Sena se etsa hore ho kenngoe tšebetsong ka potlako ho khonehe.
JSON: JavaScript Object Notation ke mokhoa o bobebe oa phapanyetsano ea data o bonolo ho batho ho o bala le ho o ngola, 'me o bonolo hore mechine e o hlahlobisise le ho o hlahisa. Ho bonolo ho o bala le ho o ngola ho feta XML. O thehiloe holim'a sehlopha sa JavaScript.
OCPP1.6
OCPP 1.6 e hahella hodima OCPP 1.5, e kenyeletsang dilemo tsa boiphihlelo bo sebetsang le ditshebediso tse atlehileng lefatsheng ka bophara. Ho tloha ha e qala ka 2012, OCPP 1.5 e se e kentswe tshebetsong haholo ke bafepedi le ditshebeletso tsa motlakase lefatsheng ka bophara. Motheong ona,OCPP 1.6 e hlahisa lintlafatso tse 'maloa tse kholo, ho kenyeletsoa le bokhoni ba ho tjhaja ka bohlale le tšehetso bakeng sa JSON le SOAP holim'a WebSocket.
Mofuta ona o boetse o kenyelletsa lintlafatso tse 'maloa, tse kang litokomane tse hlakileng le lintlafatso ho ntlafatsa tšebelisano-'moho lipakeng tsa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa barekisi. Likarolo tse ncha tse kholo li kenyelletsa bokhoni bo atolositsoeng ba ho hlahloba (joalo ka likhoutu tsa mabaka), boemo bo eketsehileng ba lintlha tsa ho tjhaja, le bokhoni ba TriggerMessage, tseo kaofela li etselitsoeng ho fihlela litlhoko tsa 'maraka hamolemo.
OCPP 1.6 e boloka ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea mofuta o fetileng mme e hlahisa lintlafatso le litokiso tse 'maloa bakeng sa mathata a tsejoang a sa hlakang a etsang hore e se lumellane le OCPP 1.5. Lintlafatso tsena li reretsoe ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tse betere ho basebetsi ba liteishene tsa ho tjhaja (CPOs) le boiphihlelo bo betere bakeng sa bakhanni ba likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara.
Likarolo tsa OCPP 1.6 li kenyelletsa:
· OCPP 1.5
· Mefuta ea SOAP le JSON
· Ho tjhaja ka bohlale ho tshehetsa ho leka-lekanya mojaro le tshebediso ya diprofaele tsa ho tjhaja
· Tšehetso ea taolo ea lenane (la lehae)
· Maemo a mang: E eketsa linaha tse ling palong ea boemo ba lintlha tsa tefiso ho fa li-CPO le basebelisi ba ho qetela tlhahisoleseling e batsi mabapi le boemo ba hona joale ba sebaka sa tefiso.
· Likopo tsa ho romela melaetsa, tse kang nako ea CP kapa boemo ba CP
· Lintlafatso tse nyane tsa litlhaloso (ha li bapisoa le OCPP 1.5)
OCPP 2.0.1
Ha e bapisoa le OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0.1 e tlisa likarolo tse ntlafalitsoeng le bokhoni bo bocha. Leha ho le joalo, lintlafatso tsena li boetse li etsa hore OCPP 2.0.1 e se lumellane le liphetolelo tsa pejana (mohlala, OCPP 1.6 le OCPP 1.5).
Likarolo tse Ncha OCPP 2.0.1 khahlanong le OCPP 1.6
1. Tšobotsi ea Tsamaiso ea Sesebelisoa (e tsejoang hape e le Mohlala oa Sesebelisoa) e sebelisetsoa ho fumana le ho seta litlhophiso le ho beha leihlo liteishene tsa ho tjhaja.
Tsamaiso ea Sesebelisoa (e tsejoang hape e le Mohlala oa Sesebelisoa) ke tšobotsi e letetsoeng ka nako e telele, e amoheloang haholo ke li-CSO tse laolang marang-rang (a rarahaneng) a liteishene tsa ho tjhaja (ho tsoa ho barekisi ba fapaneng).
E fana ka likarolo tse latelang:
• Tlaleho ea setoko
• Tlaleho e ntlafetseng ea liphoso le boemo
• Tlhophiso e ntlafetseng
• Tlhokomelo e ka fetoloang
Tsena tsohle di thusa di-CSO ho fokotsa ditjeo tsa ho sebedisa netweke ya seteishene sa ho tjhaja.
Bahlahisi ba liteishene tsa ho tjhajaba lokolohile ho etsa qeto ea hore na ke tlhahisoleseling e kae e qaqileng mabapi le liteishene tsa bona tsa ho tjhaja tseo ba lokelang ho li phatlalatsa
Taolo ea Sesebelisoa: mohlala, ba ka etsa qeto ea hore na ke eng e ka hlokomeloang le hore na ke eng e ke keng ea hlokomelisoa.
2. Lintlafatso tsa ho sebetsana hamolemo le litšebelisano tse kholo
• Molaetsa o le mong o akaretsa mesebetsi eohle e amanang le ditransekshene
• Phokotso ea data
OCPP 1.6 e hlahisitse dipalangwang tsa JSON tse itshetlehileng hodima Websockets, e leng se ka fokotsang sephethephethe sa data ya mehala ya thekeng haholo. OCPP 2.0 e hlahisitse tshehetso ya kgatello ya WebSocket, e fokotsang bongata ba data haholo.
3. Lintlafatso tshireletsong ea inthanete
Lintlafatso tse latelang li ekelitsoe ho matlafatsa bokhoni ba OCPP ba ho hanela litlhaselo tsa inthanete:
• Liprofaele tsa tshireletso (maemo a 3) bakeng sa seteishene sa ho tjhaja le/kapa netefatso ya CSMS le tshireletso ya puisano
• Tsamaiso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa litifikeiti tsa bareki
• Lintlafatso tse sireletsehileng tsa firmware
• Litlaleho tsa liketsahalo tsa ts'ireletso
4. Ho tjhaja ka bohlale ka nako e telele
Ho OCPP 2.0.1, ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja ka bohlale e atolositsoe (ha e bapisoa le OCPP 1.6) ho tšehetsa:
• Ho kenya ka ho toba tjhaja e bohlale ho tloha tsamaisong ya taolo ya eneji (EMS) ho ya seteisheneng sa ho tjhaja
• Ho tjhaja ka bohlale ho ntlafalitsoe ka balaoli ba lehae
• Tšehetso bakeng sa ho tjhaja CSMS ka bohlale bo kopaneng,liteishene tsa ho tjhajale likoloi tsa motlakase.
5. Tšehetsa ISO 15118
Ha ho bapisoa le IEC 61851, tekanyetso ea ISO 15118 ke protocol e ncha bakeng sa puisano ea EVSE ho EV. ISO 15118 e lumella likarolo tse ngata tse ncha le puisano e sireletsehileng pakeng tsa EVSE le EV. OCPP 2.0.1 e tšehetsa tekanyetso ea ISO 15118, 'me likarolo tse ncha li kenyelletsa:
• Polaka le ho tjhaja
• Ho tjhaja ka bohlale, ho kenyeletsoa le ho kenya ho tsoa koloing ya motlakase
6. Ntlafatsa phihlelo ea bareki
• Mekhoa e meng ea tumello
• Bontša melaetsa
• Puo e ratoang ke mokhanni oa EV
• Litefiso le litefiso
7. Mokhoa oa lipalangoang: Lintlafatso tsa OCPP-J
• Tsamaiso e bonolo ea melaetsa
• Ha ho tšehetso bakeng sa SOAP
Nako ea poso: Mots'eanong-21-2025